Posters
- "…Self-defense in the ghetto has become a reality. Jewish armed resistance and revenge are facts. I have been a witness to the magnificent, heroic fighting of Jewish men in battle.
German soilders in the burning Warsaw Ghetto during the Jewish uprising, May 1943 and Captured Jews during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943 - "For the Jews of East and Central Europe, the world is divided into places where they cannot live and places where they cannot enter"
A young Jewish refugee who successfully fled Vienna with hekp of the Joint, 1938 - "Kristallnacht" – November 9-10, 1938. A pogrom broke out all over Germany. Synagogues were burned, store windows were smashed, and thousandsof Jews were thrown into concentration camps.
Jews from Baden Baden on their way to imprisonment, November 10, 1938 and A synogogue burning in Baden Baden on "Kristallnacht," November 9, 1938. - "The Revenge Group" – Jewish partisans near Vilna
"I don’t know what took more courage: to stay in the ghetto with my family or to join the partisans in the forest and take revenge" - "We survived Hitler. Death is no stranger to us. Nothing can keep us from our Jewish homeland. The blood is on your head if you fire on this unarmed ship
An "illegal" immigration ship with 1,259 Jewish refugees aboard captured by the British near Haifa port, June 27, 1946 - 9000000
Oswiecim Oskarza Przypomina - A special decree confined Jews tro enclosed ghetos
Trade in the warsaw Ghetto and Entrance to the Munkacz Ghetto, 1944 - Adolph Hitler – addressing his supreme commanders and commanding Obersalzberg, August 22, 1939 and Talaat instructions to the government of Aleppo September 16, 1915
- Amidst the Sea of Darkness
Hinka Guard militia, humiliating a pious Jew in Slovokia, 1942 and A Righteous Gentile from Hungary, Mrs. Olga Fischer Kovacs, planting at tree at Yad Vashem. IN the background are some of the Jews that she saved and their families, 1988 - An older woman with Jew signs all over her
Three smaller pictures: A sign over the entrance to the Judenrat building in a Warsaw Ghetto, Food disribution in the ghetto and A typical day in the Warsaw ghetto - Anthony Dubovsky: The Land of Polin
- Auschwitz Warns
This poster in an Initiative for a better future in Poland and Germany - Auschwitz Warns
An abstract picture of reaching hands - Before the War
Before the rise of Nazism, Jews were part of the cultural, social and economic life of Germany. Although a tradition of anti-Semitism existed, they were unpreparing for the extremes of Nazi persecution. - Before the War
Most Jews lived in segregated Jewish sections of Eastern European cities, towns and villages. In Roman Vishniac’s photograph of the Jewish quarter of Warsaw in 1938, Jews in traditional garb of long black coats can be seen alongside those in modern clothing. - Children who survived the Holocaust
Jewish brigade soiler teaching Hebrew at the "Rishonim" training farm, Bari (Italy), 1944 - Children who survived the Holocaust
Jewish Brigade soldier teaching Hebrew at the "Rishonim" training farm, Bari Italy 1944 - Deportation and Abandonment: Auschwitz Suitcases
Foreground: Suitcases confiscated from prisoners after "selection" process at Auschwitz – Birkenau Background: document regarding luggage and packing instructions specifying the personal belongings that could be taken on a transport September 9, 1942 - Henry Morgenthau U.S. Ambassador to Turkey 1913-1916
Secretary of State, Washington. 858, July 16, 1 p.m. Confidential. Have you received my 841? Deportation of and excesses against peaceful Armenians is increasing and from harrowing reports of eye witnesses it appears that a campaign of race extermination is in progress under a pretext of reprisal against rebellion. Protests as well as threats are unavailing and probably incite the Ottoman government to more drastic measures as they are determined to disclaim responsibility for their absolute disregard of capitulations and I believe nothing short of actual force which obviously United States are not in a position to exert would adequately meet the situation. Suggest you inform belligerent nations and mission boards of this. American Ambassador, Constantinople - Hitler
Prior to invading Poland, Hitler Encouraged his officers by citing world indifference to the atrocities committed by Turkey: "Who, After All, speaks today of the annihilation of the Armenians?" - Hitler: "The ultimate and most decisive cause of the German collapse is the failure to recognize the racial problem and especially the Jewish menace"
German children reading the Nazi party newspaper in school. And A drawing in an anti-Semitic children’s book showing how to identify "Jewish racial" features. - Ideology of racial hygiene
Instruments used for measuring different things. - Imagine Being a Prisoner of War in Your Own Country
During World War II, Japanese Americans were wrongfully put in concentration camps by order of the United States government. They lost everything they had, including their constitutional rights. How much longer will it be intil we admit our mistake? SUPPORT THE REDRESS OF JAPANESE AMERICANS - Jewish Resistance
Jews fought against the Nazis both inside the ghettos and throughout the countryside. This group of Jewish partisans of the Bielsk unit in Poland was photographed in May 1944 - Jews from all over Europe were deported to the "East"; they thought they were being sent to work
The expulsion of the Jews from Amsterdam, Summer 1943 and Page of Wannasee Conference minutes, January 20, 1942 and Expulsion of Jews from Drohobycz, Poland - KL Auschwitz – Birkenau
A paint splat that is twisted into a braid - Locating the Victims
Foreground: Hollerith tabilator and sorter, German Hollerith Machine Company. Background: SS Race Office Punch Card Photo: Women entering 1933 census data pnly punch cards for the German Hollerith Machine Company. - Lost Childhoods
Pictures of different children who perished in various places due to the Holocaust - May 8, 1945, Victory day :"Sad, very sad" (David Ben-Gurion)
1945: Bergen-Belsen, after liberation, April 1945 - More Quotes from Talaat
"To the Government of Aleppo "Jan 15, 1916 – We hear that certain orphanages which have been opened receive also the children of the Armenians. Whether this is done through ignorance of our real purpose, or through contempt of it, the Government will regard the feeding of such children or any attempt to prolong their lives as an act entirely opposed to its purpose, since it considers the survival of these children as detrimental. I recommend that such children shall not be received into the orphanages, and no attempts are to be made to establish special orphanages for them. "Masters of the Interior" - Near East Relief Poster of Armenian Slave Girls Rescue from Turks at the Cost of Five Dollars per girl and Tatto marks on rescued Armenian slave showing names of previous "Owners"
- Never Again
Abstract way of writing Auschwitz with a black background - Never more
Pictures of many many victims - New York Times Articles 10/31/1914 – 9/14/1915
- New York Times Articles 9/17/1915 – 11/3/1915
- Nuremberg Tribunal
The Nazi dream of a "master race" came to an end at the War Crimes Trials held at Nuremberg in November 1945. The United States, England, France and the Soviet Union joined forces to stand in judgement of "crimes against humanity." Here, at the opening of the trials, the indictment is read against twenty-four leaders of Nazi Germany - One of the first anti-Jewish measures called for an economic boycott on April 1, 1933
SA Soldier preventing Germans from buying in Jewish stores during the economic boycott. - Oswiecim Ostrzega
A candle that turns into a lot of dead bodies. - Persecution of the Jews
Jews were then deprived of their legal and civil rights as an avowed objective of the Third Reich. The Nazis were also determined to exclude them from German cultural life. Intellectuals and professions were among the first victims of persecution. Here, a German Jew is forced to wear a yellow star of David. - Persecution of the Jews
The Nazis began with a determined plan to exclude Jews from the economy and proclaimed a general boycott of all Jewish-owned business on April 1, 1933. Thousands of Jewish shops, like Brunn Department Store in Berlin were defaced with signs, stars, and caricatures. - Please Remember
A black and white picture of many candles in the shape of the Star of David with a pair of bloken glasses in the center - Quotes from Talaat
"No. 809 "To the Government of Aleppo. " Dec. 29, 1915. – We hear that there are numbers of alien officers on the roads who have seen the corpses of the above mentioned people (the Armenians) and are photographing them. It is recommended as very impoirtant that those corpses should at once be buried, and not left so exposed. "Minister of the Interior" - Quotes from Talaat
"No. 809 "To the Government of Aleppo." Jan. 15, 1916. – We hear that cerytain orphanages which have been opened receive also the children of the Armenians. Whether this is done through ignorance of out real purpose, or thought contempt of it, the Government will regard the feeding of such children or any attempt to prolong their lives as an act entirely opposed to its purpose, since it considers the survival of these children as detrimental. I recommend that such chikdren shall not be received into the orphanages, and no attempts are to be made to establish special orphanages for them. "Minister of the Interior, Talaat" - Remembering the Voices That Were Silent
Days of Remembrance 1990 - Rescue: The Danish Boat
Foreground motorboat, Denmark, ca. 1930s and 1940s. Courtesy of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Background: Nautical map showing the Oresund, th body of water between Denmark and Sweden. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Photo: Danish citizens, probably including members of the resistance, fleeing from Denmark to Sweden, probably summer 1944. Courtesy of Museum for Denmark’s Fight for Freedom, 1941-1945, Copenhagen - Resistance
Map of Eastern Europe during WW2 with pictures of artifacts fpo that time as well. - September 1, 1939: World War II erupts. The German invasion of Poland was accompanied by the mistreatment and humiliation of Jews.
German tanks invading Polnd September 1, 1939 and Cracow Jews - Six Million Murdered
There is no way to establish an accurate figure for the total number of Jews murdered in the Final Solution. In 1945, the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal estimated that 5,700,000 Jews had been killed by the Nazis, representing two-thirds of the pre-war Eruopean Jewish population. - Slaves and Masters: The slaves are moved by fear and terror, while the masters are moved bu hatred. Everyone is either an enemy or a foe.
Food distributers in Flossenburg and Forced labor at Flossenburg concentration camp. - Spiritual Resistance: Theresienstadt Butterfly Toy
Foreground: Butterfly toy on wheels made of painted wood and wire by an anonymous artisan in the carpentry workshop at the Theresienstadt ghetto according to a dwaring by Professor Milos Bic, a Protestant clergyman imprisoned in the Little Fortress. On loan to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from the Terezin Memorial Background: Map of the Theresienstadt ghetto, Summer 1944. Courtesy of H.G. Adler. Photo: Deportation from Theresienstadt ghetto to the assembly center at Plzen en route to the "East," 1942. - Starved Armenian Mother with her Two Starved Children and Corpses of Victims Outside Armenian Church
- Talaat
Turkish minister of the interior and one of the ruling triumvirate. The ex-telegrapher was merciless in directing the slaughter of 1.5 million Armenians and was unmoved by any human appeals. - Talaat: Modern Turkish Hero
Today, Turkey commemorates the heroism of Talaat. In the capital city of Ankara, Turkey has erected a mausoleum and renamed a major boulevard in Talaat’s honor. In Istanbul, it has named a school after him. - The Armenian Genocide: 1915-1923
- The Deportations
Uprooted from their homes, millions of Jews were deported to concentration camps where they awaited further forrors. Here, a group of Jews wait in line at Bohusovice, near Theresienstadt in Czezhoslovakia, for trains to transport them to the Auschwitz death camp in Poland. - The Deportations
With the outbreak of the War, nazi policy shifted from persecution to internment of Jews in concentration camps. Throughout occupied Europe, Jews were forced into ghettos which served as way stations for The Final Solution. Here, terrified women and children are being rounded up for deportation during the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in April, 1943. - The Final Solution
Hitler decided that the "Final Solution to the Jewish Problem" was to murder every Jew who fell into Nazi hands. The Germans deliberately created conditions in the ghettos which made the outbreak of epidemics inevitable; they resorted to mass starvation, they conducted mass executions and they **** - The Final Solution
The Nazis established dozens of death factories throughout Germany and occupied Europe for processing their victims. This mass grave at Bergen-Belsen in Germany with thousands of emaciated and tortured bodies was discovered after the defeat of Nazi Germany. It stands as testimony to one of the most horrible and destructive chapters in human history. - The Final Solution
The product of Hitler’s rule was a sadistic system of destroying human lives, in which Nazi politicians, scientists, and doctors willingly participated. Millions passed through doors of gas chambers of their death. Auschwitz, Poland, was a notorious extermination center. - The Ghetto
Jewish refugees find shelter in a synagogue in the Warsaw ghetto and Forced labor in the Lodz Ghetto. - The Holocaust 1933-1945
Anti-Jewish Laws: Shortly after Hitler’s appointment as Reich Chancellor on January 30, 1933, the Reichstag (German parliament) began to institute a series of anti-Jewish decrees. Sections of these laws are quoted below: Nuremberg Laws: With the passage of the Nuremberg Laws by the Reichstag on September 15, 1935, the first direct attack on all individual Jews was launched. These laws marks sharp progression toward an irreversible anti-Semitic policy. In the future, no Jew would be able to escape intensified persecution. - The Holocaust: 1933-1945
A Chronology - The Holocaust: 1933-1945
Jewish Yellow star of David from France, Collection of the Jewish Museum, New York - The Holocaust: 1933-1945
Three quotes from: Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, philosopher, theologian and teacher; Pastor Martin Niemoller Protestant Leader and Survivor of Dachau; and A Christian Czech Resistance Fighter Executed by the Nazis respectively. - The Jews were transported to the death camps. Upon their arrival they underwent selection: the weak to their immediate death and the strong to forced labor.
A selection of Hungarian Jews at Auschwitz. 1944 and The Transport of Jews from Lodz to the dealth camps. - The Loss of Identity: Auschwitz Prisoner Shoes
Foreground: Men’s, Women’s and children’s shoes confiscated from prisoners following "selection" process at Auschwitz – Birkenau. Background: Document showing inventory of victims’ personal belongings sent back to the Reich for redistributiuon from Auschwitz and Majdaneh, February 6, 1943 - The Nazis rise to Power
The Nazi Parade, Nuremberg 1935 and Prisoners in the Dachau concentration cam in the 1930s - The Rise of Nazi Germany
On January 30, 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as Reich Chancellor (Prime Minister). The Nazi Party adopted anti-Semitism as a focal point of its policies. Hitler is seen here arriving for a huge May Day youth parade in Berlin’s Olympic Stadium. - The Rise of Nazi Germany
With Hitler’s rule, frenzied mass meetings replaced decisions in voting booth and fluttering flags replaced political discussions. Heidelberg in the 1930’s festooned with Nazi flags, gives evidence of the transformation of Germany under fascism. - The Survivors:
When the Allied armies finally crushed Hitler’s legions the evidence of Nazi atrocities emerged everywhere. Margaret Bourke-White’s photograph of the "living dead at Buchenwald," April 1945, depicts the conditions of survivors at one of the infamous death camps. - They Shall Not Perish
Campaign for $30.000.000 American Committee for relief in the near east. Armenia – Greece – Syria – Persia - To Live Again
Hundreds if children escaped from the Holocaust and wandered across the Europe and Asia for years. Here, some of the children are seen on their arrival in Palestine in 1943. Jewish survivors have rebuilt their lives, and given birth to new families in Israe and other countries. - To some Americans, Arizona looked just like Auschwitz
During World War II< Japanese Americans were wrongfully placed in concentration camps by order of the United States government. They lost everything they had, including their constitutional rights. How much longer will it be until we admit our mistake? Support the redress of Japanese Americans. - Wieczna Pamec
Poster from Auschwitz - With the German incasion of the Societ Union on June 22, 1941, mass murder of the Jewish population in the newly occupied territoriesd began.
An Einsatzgruppen execution squad and a "Biuletin" the Bund undergroung newspaper, Yiddish, Warsaw, October 10, 1941. - Yad Vashem
Hitler and a child in SA uniform, 1932 and A Jewish boy in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1943 - Isolating the Victims: Stars, Triangles, and Markings
Different badges used to seapatate the Jews from everyone else.
